DC speed control systems are widely applied in low-speed and high-precision applications, such as precision office equipment (like inkjet and laser printers), vending machines, household appliances, robots, and toy devices. The advancement of these systems is driven by developments in microelectronics, power electronics, sensor technology, permanent magnet materials, automatic control, and microcomputer applications. In line with the trend toward intelligent and simplified speed control systems, this design utilizes an STM32 microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core, offering high performance at a low cost and low power consumption. Combined with PID control technology, it ensures a wide and accurate speed range, as well as high-speed control performance. The speed control system supports motor functions including start, brake, forward and reverse speed regulation, speed measurement, and data upload. It also enables four-quadrant operation of the DC motor easily. The system's performance specifications include a speed regulation accuracy of up to 1 rpm, a steady-state error not exceeding 0.5%, a speed range from -500 to 500 rpm, serial command control mode, low on-resistance in the drive circuit, low energy consumption, and stable, reliable operation. The system consists of a power supply, host computer, communication interface, control circuit, motor drive circuit, motor and load, and a speed measuring device. The block diagram is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: System Block Diagram The control circuit is responsible for receiving control commands and generating corresponding control signals, while also returning motor speed data and operational status. To ensure stable and reliable operation, the circuit must have high operating speed, strong stability, ease of development, and good cost-performance. The generated PWM signal should include features like dead zone delay, complementary output, and emergency braking. The STM32 family is designed for high-performance, low-cost, and low-power embedded applications, using the ARM Cortex-M3 core. This system employs the STM32F103 as the main controller. The minimal system for the control circuit includes the STM32 main chip, clock circuit, reset circuit, UART-USB conversion circuit, JTAG debugging interface, and power supply. The schematic is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Schematic of the Control Circuit Using STM32F103
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