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In the process of handling professional audio engineering projects for clients, various challenges often arise. To help you better understand and avoid common pitfalls, Xiaobian has gathered and summarized some typical issues that occur during the setup and operation of sound systems. Here are the key points:
1. **Signal Distribution Issues**
When multiple speaker setups are involved in a professional audio system, signals are typically routed through an equalizer to multiple amplifiers and speakers. However, this can lead to complications when mixing different brands and models of amplifiers and speakers. Problems may include mismatched impedance, uneven level distribution, or inconsistent power output across speaker groups. Additionally, using an equalizer alone may not effectively adjust the frequency characteristics of the sound field or the speakers themselves.
2. **Graphic Equalizer Adjustment Challenges**
A common issue with graphic equalizers is the tendency to create artificial spectrum shapes such as "swallow," "mountain," or "wave" types. These are not necessarily reflective of the actual acoustic needs at the site. The ideal spectral curve should be smooth and stable. If engineers rely on imagination rather than real-world measurements, the final sound quality may suffer significantly.
3. **Limiter Adjustment Problems**
One frequent problem with limiters is either complete failure to engage or over-limiting, which can cause distortion or unnatural compression. When the limiter doesn't function properly, it's usually manageable. But if it overworks, it can severely impact the sound system, making the voice sound weak compared to the background music, leaving performers confused.
4. **System Level Adjustment Issues**
Incorrect amplifier sensitivity settings or improper zero-level calibration can lead to unstable sound levels. For example, even a slight adjustment on the mixer channel might result in a dramatic increase in volume, affecting the system’s performance and audio fidelity.
5. **Bass Signal Processing Mistakes**
Two common errors occur in bass signal processing: first, using full-range signals directly without an electronic crossover, which can lead to inefficient low-frequency reproduction; second, not correctly identifying the bass signal source within the system. This can complicate on-site adjustments and reduce overall sound clarity.
6. **Effect Loop Considerations**
The effect loop should use a post-fader signal to prevent feedback or uncontrolled effects, especially from microphones. Returning the processed signal to the same channel makes it easier to manage and adjust during live performances.
7. **Line Connection and Interference**
Poor line connections are a major source of AC interference in audio systems. Proper balancing between balanced and unbalanced signals must be maintained, and only high-quality connectors should be used to ensure clean signal transmission.
8. **Console Control Misuse**
The mixing console is the central control unit of the sound system. If the high, mid, and low EQ controls are all adjusted equally, it may indicate that the system isn’t properly set up. Over-adjusting the EQ on the console can lead to poor sound quality and unnecessary complexity.
By understanding these common issues, audio engineers can improve their workflow, enhance sound quality, and provide a more reliable experience for both the audience and performers.