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AT89C51 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller developed by Atmel of the United States. It offers a rich set of internal resources, including 4KB of flash memory, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timers/counters, and five interrupt vector levels. The device also features two full-duplex serial ports, operates within a voltage range of 4.25V to 5.50V, and supports a working frequency from 0 to 24 MHz. One of the key advantages of using the AT89C51 is that it does not require external memory expansion.
In this example, we demonstrate how to use Timer 0 (T0) to control an LED for binary counting. The idea is to increment a counter each time a button connected to the T0 pin is pressed, and then display the current count value in binary form using LEDs connected to Port P1.
The circuit diagram shows how the hardware is set up, with the button connected to the T0 input and the LEDs connected to P1. This setup allows for a simple and effective way to visualize the binary representation of the count.
Below is the C program code used to implement the binary counting functionality:
```c
#include
// Main program
void main() {
TMOD = 0x05; // Timer 0 as a counter, mode 1 (16-bit)
TH0 = 0; // Initialize high byte of timer 0
TL0 = 0; // Initialize low byte of timer 0
TR0 = 1; // Start Timer 0
while(1) {
P1 = TH0; // Display the high byte of the count on LEDs
}
}
```
This program continuously reads the value of the timer register and displays it on the LEDs connected to Port P1. Each button press increments the counter, allowing the user to observe the binary number changing in real-time.
For those interested in learning more about single-chip microcontroller programming, you may find it helpful to explore other projects such as using timers to control LED scrolling effects.
**Recommended Reading: Single-Chip C Language Programming – Timer-Controlled 4 LED Scrolling Flash**