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Fire elevators are designed to operate safely and efficiently during emergencies, particularly in fire situations. These systems must meet stringent safety standards to ensure the safe movement of people and equipment. The elevator shafts, in particular, require special attention to prevent the spread of fire and smoke.

1. Independent Ladder Well Design

The ladder well for a fire elevator should be completely separate from other vertical shafts used for utilities or piping. No cables, pipes, or conduits for non-fire-related purposes should be installed within the elevator shaft. Additionally, no openings should be made on the walls of the shaft. Partition walls between adjacent elevator shafts and machine rooms must have a minimum fire resistance rating of 2 hours. When doors are installed, they must be Class A fire-rated doors. It is strictly prohibited to install flammable gas or liquid pipelines of Class A, B, or C within the shaft.

2. Fire Resistance of Elevator Shaft

To ensure that the fire elevator remains functional during a fire, the walls of the shaft must have sufficient fire resistance. The standard fire resistance rating for such structures is typically at least 2.5 to 3 hours. Cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures usually exceed this requirement, offering more than 3 hours of fire resistance.

3. Shaft Capacity and Design

The elevator shaft should not contain more than two elevators. During the design phase, measures should be taken at the top of the shaft to vent heat and smoke. The elevator car must be able to carry at least 8 to 10 firefighters, with a minimum load capacity of 800 kg. The interior space should be at least 1.4 square meters to allow for proper movement and equipment storage.

4. Interior Finishes and Safety Features

The interior of the fire elevator car must be constructed using non-combustible materials to reduce the risk of fire spread. Additionally, all internal components, including call buttons, should be protected against the effects of heat and smoke. This ensures that the system remains fully operational even in extreme conditions.