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Fire elevators are designed to operate in emergency situations, especially during fires, by moving up and down within the elevator shaft using power. Because of this critical role, they must meet strict fire safety standards to ensure reliable operation under extreme conditions.

1. Independent Shaft Design

The shafts for fire-fighting elevators must be isolated from other vertical utility shafts. No cables or pipes for non-fire-related purposes should be installed inside the elevator shaft, and no openings should be made in the walls. Partition walls between adjacent elevator shafts and their machine rooms must have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours. Doors opening into the shaft must be equipped with Class A fire-rated doors. It is strictly prohibited to install flammable gas or liquid pipelines of Class A, B, or C within the shaft.

2. Fire Resistance of the Shaft

To ensure that the fire elevator can function effectively in any fire scenario, the walls of the elevator shaft must be constructed with high fire resistance. Typically, the fire resistance rating should not be less than 2.5 to 3 hours. Cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures often exceed this requirement, offering more than 3 hours of fire resistance.

3. Shaft Capacity and Design

No more than two elevators should be installed in the same shaft where a fire elevator is located. When designing, it's important to include measures for smoke and heat removal at the top of the shaft. The elevator car must be able to carry the weight of 8 to 10 firefighters, with a minimum load capacity of 800 kg. The interior space should be at least 1.4 square meters to allow for easy access and movement.

4. Interior Finishing and Safety Features

The interior of the fire elevator car should be finished with non-combustible materials to prevent the spread of fire. Additionally, all internal buttons, such as the call panel, should be protected against heat and smoke to ensure they remain functional even in high-temperature environments. These features help maintain the integrity and usability of the elevator during emergencies.