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**I. Management Regulations**
According to the State Grid Corporation's "High-Voltage Switchgear Operation Management Regulations" (2005), any defects in the operating mechanism must be addressed promptly to ensure safe and reliable operation of the equipment. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to prevent failures and maintain system integrity.
**II. Types and Principles of Operating Mechanisms**
The electromagnetic operating mechanism relies entirely on the magnetic attraction generated by the closing current flowing through the closing coil. This mechanism uses the electromagnetic force to close the trip spring and stores energy during the opening process via the same spring.
The permanent magnet operating mechanism functions similarly but uses a permanent magnet material for the driving shaft, with an electromagnetic coil surrounding it. Normally, the coil is not energized. When the switch needs to open or close, the polarity of the coil changes, using magnetic attraction or repulsion to drive the movement.
The spring-operated mechanism uses a spring as the main energy storage element. A motor drives the spring through a gear system, and the energy is maintained by a locking mechanism. During opening, the lock is released, and the spring releases its stored energy to move the contacts through a mechanical transmission unit.
The pneumatic operating mechanism uses compressed air as the power source for opening, while a closing spring serves as the energy storage component. The compressed air is stored using a self-contained compressor. During opening, the closing spring is charged through a cylinder piston, and the contacts are moved via the mechanical transmission unit. The closing spring remains in the stored state until the lock is released.
The hydraulic operating mechanism utilizes hydraulic oil as the power source to achieve the desired motion. Energy is stored through the pumping action of an oil pump motor.
The hydraulic spring operating mechanism combines mechanical energy storage from a spring with hydraulic drive and control. It uses a spring as the energy storage medium and hydraulic oil as the transmission medium.
**III. Operating Standards**
(1) The position indicators for both opening and closing should be accurate, and the switch should operate fully.
(2) All fasteners should be secure and free from loosening or falling off.
(3) The energy storage motor should run smoothly without abnormal noises.
(4) The energy storage components should function properly and maintain sufficient energy.
(5) The circuit breaker’s opening and closing coils should show no signs of burning, smoke, or damage.
(6) The moving parts of the operating mechanism and transmission system should move freely.
**IV. Work Process**
(1) Preparation: Gather tools such as a multimeter, screwdriver, tape, adjustable wrench, sandpaper, insulating tape (red and black), and replacement parts.
(2) Treatment Method:
1. If the closing speed is low:
- Adjust the stroke of the closing iron core.
- Avoid prolonged closing operations that may overheat the coil.
- Check and adjust the auxiliary switch, ensuring good contact.
- Replace a deformed or damaged closing spring.
- Replace burned or broken closing coils.
- Inspect and clean the closing iron core to ensure smooth movement.
- Adjust the sector plate clearance to at least 1 mm.
- Ensure the buckle between the sector plate and half shaft is within 2–4 mm.
- Replace damaged components like the cam or roller.
- Inspect and repair any mechanical sticking.
- Check the secondary circuit for faults causing unintended tripping.
- Adjust the power supply voltage and wire size if necessary.
- Check for poor connections in the control circuit.
2. If the opening speed is low:
- Adjust the half shaft and sector plate clearance.
- Check and replace faulty auxiliary switches.
- Ensure the opening iron core is fully reset.
- Replace a damaged or burnt opening coil.
- Re-adjust the opening circuit parameters.
- Check for breaks in the control loop.
- Disassemble and inspect for mechanical jams.
- Adjust the pre-stretching length of the opening spring.
- Replace a faulty opening spring.
3. If the closing spring fails to store energy:
- Ensure the automatic air switch is in the “on†position.
- Check the control circuit for faults.
- Adjust contactor contacts.
- Adjust the travel switch and check for burn damage.
- Inspect the energy storage components for jams or damage.
**V. Matters to Note**
(1) Before replacing any components, verify that the working power is stable and safe.
(2) After replacement, test the new parts to ensure they function correctly.
(3) Always prioritize personal safety and take precautions against low-voltage shocks during the replacement process.
This detailed guide ensures proper handling and maintenance of high-voltage switchgear mechanisms, promoting operational efficiency and long-term reliability.