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**I. Management Regulations**
According to the State Grid Corporation’s "High-Voltage Switchgear Operation Management Regulations" (2005), it is essential to address any defects in the operating mechanism promptly. This ensures the safe and reliable operation of the switchgear, reducing the risk of failure or malfunction. Regular inspections and maintenance are critical to maintaining system integrity and preventing potential hazards.
**II. Types and Principles of the Operating Mechanism**
The electromagnetic operating mechanism relies entirely on the electromagnetic attraction generated by the closing current passing through the closing coil. It uses this force to close the trip spring and provides energy during tripping.
In contrast, the permanent magnet operating mechanism functions similarly but uses a permanent magnet material for the driving shaft. The electromagnetic coil surrounds the magnet, and under normal conditions, the coil remains de-energized. When the switch needs to open or close, the polarity of the coil is changed using magnetic attraction or repulsion to initiate the movement.
The spring operating mechanism stores energy in a mechanical spring, which is charged via a motor connected through a gear system. A locking mechanism keeps the spring in the stored position. During tripping, the lock is released, allowing the spring to release its energy and move the contacts through a mechanical transmission unit.
The pneumatic operating mechanism uses compressed air as the primary power source for opening, with a closing spring serving as the energy storage component. Compressed air is stored in a self-contained compressor. During the opening process, the closing spring is charged through a cylinder piston, and the contact is completed via a mechanical transmission unit. The closing spring remains energized until the lock is released.
The hydraulic operating mechanism utilizes hydraulic oil as the power source, enabling precise motion control and various operational functions. Energy is stored through the pumping action of an oil pump motor.
The hydraulic spring operating mechanism combines mechanical energy storage from a spring with hydraulic drive and control. It uses a spring as the energy storage medium and hydraulic oil as the transmission medium, offering enhanced reliability and performance.
**III. Operating Standards**
(1) The position indicators for both open and closed states must be accurate and properly aligned.
(2) All fasteners should remain secure and free from loosening or falling off.
(3) The energy storage motor should operate smoothly without abnormal noise.
(4) The energy storage components must function effectively and maintain proper charge.
(5) The circuit breaker's opening and closing coils should show no signs of burning, smoke, or damage.
(6) The operating mechanism and its transmission parts should move freely and without resistance.
**IV. Work Process**
(1) Preparation: Gather necessary tools such as a multimeter, screwdriver, tape, adjustable wrench, sandpaper, insulating tape (red and black), and replacement parts.
(2) Treatment Method:
1. **Low Closing or Opening Speed**
- Adjust the stroke of the closing iron core if it is too small.
- Limit the duration of the closing operation to prevent overheating of the coil.
- Check and adjust the auxiliary switch, ensuring good contact and replacing any burned-out contacts.
- Replace a deformed closing spring if it lacks sufficient energy.
- Replace a damaged or burnt closing coil.
- Inspect and adjust the closing iron core to ensure smooth movement.
- Re-adjust the sector plate and half shaft clearance if it is less than 1 mm.
- Ensure the gap between the sector plate and half shaft is within 2–4 mm; replace damaged parts if necessary.
- Replace the closing positioning member or roller if they are deformed due to low hardness.
- Inspect and disassemble the mechanism to identify any sticking parts.
- Check the secondary circuit wiring for faults and correct them.
- Adjust the power supply voltage and use thicker cables if there is excessive voltage drop.
- Check for open circuits in the control loop and fix any poor connections.
2. **Low Opening Speed**
- Adjust the half shaft and sector plate clearance to the recommended range.
- Check and adjust the auxiliary switch for proper contact.
- Ensure the opening iron core is fully reset and free from obstruction.
- Replace a damaged or burnt opening coil.
- Adjust the voltage in the opening circuit to meet specifications.
- Check for breaks in the control loop and repair as needed.
- Disassemble and inspect the mechanism for any jamming issues.
- Adjust the pre-stretching length of the opening spring.
- Replace a faulty opening spring if it fails to provide sufficient force.
3. **Closing Spring Not Storing Energy**
- Ensure the automatic air switch is set to the “on†position.
- Check the control circuit for any faults, open circuits, or poor contact.
- Adjust the contactor if it is not functioning properly.
- Adjust the travel switch if it cuts off too early and check for burnout.
- Inspect the energy storage components for jams, misalignment, or damaged parts.
**V. Matters to Note**
(1) Before replacing any components, verify that the working power is stable and functioning correctly.
(2) After replacement, test the new parts to ensure they are operating as expected.
(3) Always prioritize personal safety during the replacement process and take precautions against low-voltage shocks.
This detailed guide provides a comprehensive overview of high-voltage switchgear operation, covering management regulations, types of mechanisms, operating standards, troubleshooting methods, and safety considerations. It is designed to assist technicians in maintaining and repairing these critical electrical systems efficiently and safely.