Microplate Reader Working Principle: The microplate reader is essentially a phase-change photoelectric colorimeter or spectrophotometer. Its basic working principle is similar to that of a conventional photometer. The illustration shows the operation of a single-channel automatic injection microplate reader. Light from a light source is converted into monochromatic light using a filter or a monochromator and then passes through the sample in the microwell of a plastic plate. Some of the light is absorbed by the sample, while the rest is transmitted through it and detected by a photodetector. This detector converts the varying optical signals into corresponding electrical signals, which are then amplified, logarithmically processed, and converted into digital data. These data are sent to a microprocessor for analysis and displayed on a screen or printed out. The microprocessor also controls the mechanical movement in the X and Y directions to automatically position the microplate for testing. In manual versions, the microplate is moved manually, eliminating the need for complex mechanical systems and making the device more compact and user-friendly. A microplate is a transparent plastic plate designed to hold samples in multiple small wells. Each well can contain a few milliliters of liquid, and specific antigens or antibodies are often pre-coated in the wells for various assays. Light is an electromagnetic wave. Wavelengths between 100 nm and 400 nm are considered ultraviolet (UV), visible light ranges from 400 nm to 780 nm, and wavelengths above 780 nm are classified as infrared (IR). We perceive colors because objects reflect certain wavelengths of light back to our eyes. For example, green plants appear green because they absorb most of the red and blue-violet light but reflect the green wavelengths. The microplate reader works by measuring the absorbance of a substance at a specific wavelength. As detection methods have evolved, multi-mode microplate readers have been developed, capable of measuring not only absorbance (Abs) but also fluorescence intensity (FI), time-resolved fluorescence (TRF), fluorescence polarization (FP), and chemiluminescence (Lum). There are two main types of microplate readers: grating-based and filter-based. Grating-based models can select any wavelength within the light source's range, while filter-based models are limited to specific wavelengths determined by the installed filters. Shanghai Bayu Industrial Co., Ltd. Founded in 2007, Shanghai Bayu established an offline supply system for laboratory instruments and MRO industrial products. In 2009, it launched an online procurement platform. As one of the earliest companies in Shanghai specializing in MRO products and lab equipment, Bayu has built a strong reputation for quality, efficient management, and reliable after-sales support.
ELCB is an acronym for Earth leakage circuit breaker, which is a device placed inside a water heater, commonly referred to as ELCB electric leakage breaker. This circuit breaker has the function of disconnecting the device from the circuit whenever an electrical leak occurs through the human body when touching the electrical parts of the device.
ELCB is to limit the incident of electric shock inside the machine, disconnecting the power when there is a problem, ensuring safety for human life as well as fire and explosion prevention.
ELCB is often used in both civil and industrial applications.
For the domestic electricity system, the installation problem is not difficult, but in industry, the anti-shock for workers and the prevention of electrical leakage for electrical equipment with large capacity requires a bridge. Automatic anti-shock, high-power leakage protection, and often has a much higher price.
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How many types of ELCB?