There are various stages in the theater stage, there are ordinary frame-style stage, there are extended stage, there is an island stage, and there is also a stage called black box. Because the stage forms are different, the configuration requirements of the lamps are not the same. Here we only talk about the ordinary frame-like stage. This kind of stage is more in the past or in the current reconstruction and new theater. Therefore, it is extremely necessary and necessary to talk about the lighting configuration of this stage. The stage (which refers to the framed stage, the latter is the same) will have different lighting requirements due to the different plays. Therefore, we must be clear about what kind of repertoires to perform on this stage before using the lamps, so that the lamps and lanterns will have clear goals and intentions. If the stage is located in the traditional opera and ballet, the configuration of the lamps must be configured according to the requirements of opera and ballet. For example, in the case of large-scale songs and dances, chowders and other special programs, in addition to the basic requirements, the lighting should be based on the specific program requirements, and the configuration of special lamp positions and lamps should be added. Therefore, I only talk about the configuration of the basic lamps on the theater stage. According to this configuration, the river meets the requirements of local dramas such as opera, dance, ballet, drama, and Beijing opera. Before configuring a luminaire, you should first understand the type of luminaire and its main functions and uses. Here is a brief introduction to the performance of some of the luminaires for the luminaire configuration. 1. Spotlights - Spotlights used on the stage refer to the use of flat-convex concentrating mirrors in front of the lamps. This type of luminaire can adjust the spot size, and the resulting beams are concentrated. The diffused light on the side is relatively small, with a power of 0.5W. There are many kinds of 5KW, and the focal length is long, medium and short. The distance of the range is determined according to the needs. 2, rib light - or soft light, but in the television industry, this kind of light is a spotlight. In order to distinguish the above-mentioned flat convex spotlights from the stage, the diffusing area is large, and sometimes the diffused area is used to control the diffused light to be covered by a front page in front of the mirror, which is characterized by a large area of ​​the light area, which is not like a gathering. The music lamp has a clear spot feeling, the shooting distance is relatively close, and the power is 1KW, 2KW and so on. 3, back light - this kind of lamp has no lens in front, the light is completely emitted from the larger mirror behind, with the same 2KW bulb, its brightness is brighter than the concentrated light, so when the stage is to show strong light source and brightness use. The effect is better than other lamps, characterized by strong beam, but pay attention to the focus point when dimming, it is not appropriate to adjust the focus point on the color paper or the screen, which is easy to cause burning, and the center often appears black in the dimming In order to avoid the black heart, an annular baffle is added at the center of the front end of the lamp, and the spot light emitted is large and not easy to gather. Now a new type of coating on the reflective bowl to make the outer line of the line backwards to reduce the temperature in front of the lamp, the effect is very good, the name is the cold light super spotlight, the actual structure of the lamp is the same as the back light. 4, imaging lights - or called forming lights, ellipsoid spotlights. There are a variety of beam angles that can be selected according to the needs. The main characteristics are such as slides that can cut the spot into square, diamond, triangle and other shapes, or project various patterns and patterns, and the power is also 1KW, 2KW, etc. Optional configuration. 5, simple lamp - also known as PAR lamp, or beam lamp, its structure is to install a mirror bulb in the cylinder and also use a reflective bowl to install bromine tungsten bubble, the main characteristic is to shoot a relatively fixed beam, the beam angle is wide and wide The spot size cannot be adjusted. 6, day row of lights - high-power astigmatism, used to illuminate the sky from top to bottom, requiring bright and balanced, large area of ​​illumination. 7, floor lamp - high-power astigmatism lamp, used to be placed on the stage surface, the lower part of the skylight is illuminated upwards, connected with the light of the daylight lamp, uniform up and down. 8, astigmatism strip light - long strips, divided into multiple grids, generally can be divided into three or four colors, each grid with incandescent bulb power of about 200W, requires a variety of colors to self-align, for large-area illumination screen or painting The curtain can also be used as a large-area balanced lighting. Various colors of light can also be used at the same time to bring out different colored beams. 9, general astigmatism - such as iodine tungsten lamps and ordinary floodlights, mainly to evenly illuminate an area, or some set of uses. The lamps introduced above are the basic lamps used in the general stage, but other types of lamps should be arranged depending on the form of the performance. For example, in addition to the basic lamps, the song and dance party uses a large number of downlights, computer lights, hose lights, lights, various effects lamps, and even smokers, dry ice machines, strobe lights, lasers and projection slides, and supporting use. For post-projection, to reduce the source of spots, special seamless plastic screens, etc., here are not examples. The stage lighting configuration is divided into two parts: the mouth and the mouth. First, the surface of the station is generally divided into light, slap, box (stairs), long-distance chasing room. 1. Face light According to the scale of the theater stage, there is a face light, two face lights, and even three faces. The configuration of the surface light should be based on the distance between the distance and the spotlight, and the spotlights and imaging lights with different set distances should be above 2KW. The first surface light is closer to the mouth of the station, and some 2KW rib lights and back lights can be added. A face light and two side lights should be equipped with a suitable focal length in the left, middle and right positions. The power-matching light-receiving lamps can be individually controlled by the chasing personnel to control their brightness and color change. 2. The slap is symmetrically set on the left and right sides of the station. According to the scale of the theater stage, one or two slaps can be set on each side. The lamps are arranged. The spotlights are mainly used. The imaging lights and rib lights can be configured in a small amount. The wall is very close. When using ribbed lights, the diffused light often brightens the nearby walls, affecting the atmosphere of some scenes, so it should be used less. A set of follow-up lights should be set in each of the left and right slaps for the chasing personnel to control. 3, the foot light is generally in the music pool outside the mouth of the mouth, set the foot light, built-in four-color astigmatism strip light, color separation control, its length is slightly smaller than the width of the mouth. 4, long-distance chasing room, generally set up in the left and right side of the audience hall, equipped with gas discharge lamps such as xenon lamps, all control by the chasing staff, if you can not set a special chasing room, it is often in the building Follow-up lights are located in the rear area on both sides. 5, box (floor) light, according to the theater situation can be in the box (building) left, center, right, set the lamp position to configure a number of spotlights, if the conditions are not allowed, you can not set. Second, the Taiwan branch generally divides the side of the platform (left and right column light), the fake table top (one hanging bridge), two tops, three tops, four tops, five tops, the sky row, the ground row, the left and right flow, the left and right sides Light (left and right cages), a cage, two cages, three cages, four cages, five cages, etc., depending on the size of the stage, some facilities are less, such as the top light is based on the stage The depth and depth of the scenic area to determine a few suitable. The left and right side light (cage) should also be considered according to the size of the stage or even the amount of investment. Some stage has a post-stage or anti-projection requirement behind the sky, which is also considered according to the scale of the stage, investment, and major repertoire. If there is such a possibility, the configuration of the luminaire should of course be planned. For use in conjunction. 1. The side of the fake table (the left and right column light) is equipped with spotlights, rib lights, chasing lights, and a small number of imaging lights, except for special, generally left. 2, the fake table top (a suspension bridge) is equipped with astigmatism strip lights, spotlights, rib lights, imaging lights, and follow-up lights. 3, two top light configuration astigmatism strip light, spotlight, rib light, downlight. 4, three top light configuration astigmatism strip light, spotlight, rib light, back light, down light. 5, four top light configuration astigmatism strip light, spotlight, rib light, back light, down light. 6, five top light configuration astigmatism strip light, spotlight, rib light, back light, downlight. 7, the sky row configuration day row lights. 8. The row of rows is arranged to illuminate the lights. 9. Flow configuration with light stand, spotlight, rib lamp, flat light, etc. 10. The left and right side lights (lighting cages) are equipped with spotlights, rib lights, imaging lights, and back lights. Some theater stage top lights are not equipped with astigmatism strip lights, but instead are used in rows of iodine-tungsten astigmatism lamps. The way the luminaires are configured can be changed as needed, but the performance of the various luminaires should be considered. Make it work for me to make the best of it. The main points of the stage lighting: First, the characteristics of the performance space Architecture, sculpture, and painting are art that keeps time and space in a plane or three-dimensional. Performing art as a comprehensive time and space art requires a space to maintain a viewing relationship - a theater or a performance venue. Stage artists in the performance beyond time and space together constitute a visual and auditory creative space with sound, light, color, shape and other multi-dimensional factors, and continue to develop with time, as well as the conversion of plots and scenes. Whether it is the turning of the dramatic plot or the performance of the opera song and dance, at the same time, the performance lighting in the viewer's vision or in an unconscious way to change the light and dark effect of the light, the change of the physical space or the function of the optical device itself Visual performance. In the way of shaping the image, rendering the color, changing the rhythm, etc., participating in the performance and forming a special stage performance atmosphere with visual vocabulary, thus affecting the emotional changes of the audience, forming a space that matches the stage performance content of the scene, the actors and the audience. . 1. Performance space 1) Stage According to the characteristics of the performance scene and the performance environment such as the theater studio, it is found that the objective conditions can be used for lighting design. 2) Status of performance space such as theater and studio *Space environment: survey to understand the theater, measure the drawing or request the floor plan, section data of the performance environment space, the height, width, stage depth data and scale unit of the theater entrance. * Equipment status: number of booms, arrangement spacing, sequence number, plane position, etc. * Power load: rated load capacity of main line, rated load capacity of branch circuit, etc. 2. Studying the script and creative ideas The script is the basis for the lighting equipment and creative ideas. It can be used to refine and process the performance space related to creation. 1) Identify representative character characteristics, plot changes, conflicts, and the environment envisioned. 2) Imagine and position the description of the times, time, season, scene environment, light source direction and color. 3) Determine the appropriate performance method and performance means. Think about what kind of fixtures you can use to create a stage visual effect that matches the plot. 4) Scenes and stage devices of the script presentation. 3. Performance of time and space conversion 1) Weather: Sunrise, sunset, evening to night, night to dawn, seasonal changes, moonlight night sky, location and geographical changes. 2) Regional space, psychological space, scene space, virtual space, local and overall space conversion. 4. Conception of space formation from plane to three-dimensional For the processing and combination of the visual effects of each surface and the planar composition of the foreground space, the medium space and the back space. The organization of the upper, middle and lower space and the prediction of the method of implementation. For example: setting of backlight position: horizontal direction, vertical angle, position height, number of lamps, etc. 5, partial and overall picture composition Control lighting and color and lighting areas. The composition of the stage visual image is represented by the size, shape, and number of areas. 6, expression choice Determine the appropriate performance profile based on the overall style of the creation. In the past and the present, I will continue to think about the illusion of dreams, memories, abstractions and realism. 7, showing infinite space in limited space There are huge variations in space effects in the show. The performance of real space and virtual space: specific stage space and special stage performances. Voice-over: dialogue: monologue, etc. Renovate and expand the actual space environment, or exaggerate or reduce the depiction. The description and performance of the psychological space of the characters in the play. 8, the way the light changes 1) The change of plot is an opportunity for spatial change. 2) The opportunity of light change determined by lines. 3) The light change opportunity determined by the action. 4) Light change opportunities determined by music or sound effects. 5) Opportunity for light changes determined by time. 9, space processing of different styles Classical, romantic, natural, realistic, symbolic, three-dimensional, future, composition, performance, surreal and music, sound effects related to time and space conversion: tune, melody, rhythm. Author: --1982 Fengde Zhong graduated from the Central Academy of Drama Stage Design lighting design professional, has several times to go to Japan to study, visits, academic exchanges, also has participated in the television show arena collaborative work between China and Japan, after returning in He is a teacher at the Central Academy of Drama and is currently the director of the teaching and research section of the school. Second, the means of spatial performance 1. Investigation on the characteristics and performance of lighting equipment * Floodlights: Heaven and Earth row lights, foot lights, top row floodlights, etc. * Spotlight: convex lens spotlight, soft spotlight. * Lensless spotlights: Backlights, PAR lights and enclosed bulbs. Including: parallel, light collecting, soft light, astigmatism and so on. * Imaging spotlights: shape lights and imaging inserts, follow-up lights. * Slideshow lighting: water ripple slides, running cloud slides, PANI slides and other effects lighting. *Computer light: lighting fixtures with the form of rotating body, mirror movement, color change, imaging, and movement. *Special projection lamps: effect equipment, color changer, smoker, digital computer projection equipment, etc. * Operation control system: thyristor dimmer and dimming console functions. *Color light filter: various filter colors, color temperature, dimming, reflective film, soft film, etc. * Demonstration laser: Scanning the screen under computer control with various low-power laser generating devices. *Auxiliary effect equipment: smoke generator and exhaust air supply device. Snow generating device, soap bubble generating device, carbon dioxide smoke, liquid nitrogen, fried tobacco, paper flower gun, dry ice, etc. 2. Research and application performance of materials and materials of lighting and illuminated objects Material--reflective diffuse reflection light translucent, hard, soft and soft absorption absorption law. Material - textile material - cotton satin velvet linen gauze. Metal material - gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum alloy and stainless steel. Natural material--wood stone brick plant Synthetic material - nylon plastic foam material PVC sheet. Smoke material--ethylene glycol smoke oily retention type smoke dry ice low layer smoke smoked liquid nitrogen Performance effects - positive projection, anti-projection, plane, three-dimensional, relief, texture, point, line, surface, level, air, halo silhouette, half silhouette, etc. Performance characteristics - mesh, rope, strip screen, column stone, gauze, strip screen, frame, light box, etc. 3. Research and basic concepts of lighting modeling: feeling and performance A Lightning Foundation--Study on Static Lights Four elements of lighting 1) Main light: The main light direction is determined by the theme and the viewpoint. The main light is stronger than other lights, and hard light illumination such as spotlights is used. 2) Auxiliary light: It is the auxiliary and supplement to the main light, which plays a modification role. The soft light is used to illuminate the reflected light of the natural environment. 3) Backlighting: Add light to the main light. It can be stronger than the main light, but also stronger than the main light and stronger than the auxiliary light. 4) Light ratio: The proportion of the light and darkness of the body to the light received by the parties. The light ratio can be adjusted according to the creative needs to achieve the desired effect. Light angle study: 90/120/180/270 degrees, etc. B light projection experiment Projection position light receiving effect visual impression theater lighting equipment 1) Front and front - stable natural light 2) Front obliquely above - three-dimensional angry slap 3) The front level - the flat expression fades the flat shot 4) Front and bottom - abnormally uneasy feelings and low angle projection 5) Upright direction - image distortion, no expression, top light and top light 6) On the upper side of the front side - contrasting the strong yin and yang face side flyover and top side projection 7) Positive side level - tough and cold side flow lamp and flat side light 8) Front and rear top - Contoured decorative top row backlight and top backlight 4, experience observation life a. Observing changes in the natural environment - daylight, moonlight, sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, environmental impact b, observe life - light and character scene - daylight: smooth, backlight, side light, half side and other effects c. Application - Determine the lighting practice of the theme content: the lighting practice of the character picture. Related factors - light and dark color tone light and light quality media sports vocabulary Visual effects - spatial region change rhythm spatiotemporal transformation representation environmental processing design combination Stage Cloth - Small Theater Grand Theater Extended Stage Three-sided Stage Four-sided Stage Cloth Theater Projection Experiment 5, theater lighting experiment: including theater lighting equipment, projection position, lighting effects, visual impression TEST-1 floodlighting: The uniform illumination of the stage as a whole, the lighting of the painting scene, the effect is scattered and well-proportioned. TEST-2 foot light row: simulate natural ground reflected light, depicting actors at close range, but there are more shadows in the sky. TEST-3 floodlights and foot light row: in the performance area, the skylight is evenly illuminated, and the picture is indifferent. TEST-4 day row light: evenly renders the upper part of the sky and the color change. TEST-5 floor lamp: The change of light and dark color in the lower part of the skylight: the description of the silhouette effect at sunrise and sunset. TEST-6 World Lights: When the same color is on the upper and lower sides, uniform background illumination can be obtained. It can show scenes such as day and night. TEST-7 flood light, foot light, heaven and earth light: Eliminate the ghost, high-definition fade effect, the relationship between the characters is not clear. TEST-8 pan-dray: Projected from the top of the stage, the image is highlighted, and the color effect is more beautiful. TEST-9 flood light, foot light, heaven and earth row, top row of lights: the audience's line of sight is more concentrated, the character shape is not enough. TEST-10 stage flow light: can enhance the three-dimensional sense of the figure, but the table often has a shadow. TEST-11 surface lighting: From about 450 angles above the auditorium to the stage, simulate the natural light effect. TEST-12 slap lighting: cast from the front side of the stage to enhance the three-dimensional effect of the actor. TEST-13 flood light row + foot light + heaven and earth row + face light + slap light: pay attention to the hue relationship when obtaining sufficient brightness. TEST-14 flood light, foot light, heaven and earth row, top row, flow, surface light, slap: usually use more lighting. The light of the more comprehensive orientation, according to the actual needs of the performance, through the dimming means, to obtain the ideal three-dimensional effect. TEST-15 chasing light: usually set in the rear of the auditorium or in the desired position, such as the character half, the whole body. TEST-16 floor row, top row, surface light, flow, chasing light, etc.: Through the dimming process, the three-dimensional sense is obtained to obtain a creative environment. TEST-17 is lined with blue, top row of white light, and light blue, flowing white light: the blue light of the heavens and the earth causes the overall color, and the top row of blue light covers the stage. Three spotlights emphasize three local figures, one mobile light Emphasize the spherical rear view. TEST-18 floor light green, blue, top row light white and blue, flow light light purple: skylight from blue to dark blue transition from bottom to top, top row of lights blue covered with countertops, top row single light white After calendering, it is cast to the character, and the light purple light on both sides complements the middle of the stage to form a soft contrasting atmosphere with cool colors. TEST-19 concentrated light light light purple light blue two, top row light white light light blue, flowing light dark blue: use the spotlight light to intentionally cast the character light and shadow on the sky screen background, the top row of lights blue light covered the stage, the top light single The light emphasizes the central image, combined with the deep blue light of the flowing lights, showing a dreamy impact effect atmosphere. TEST-20 floor light red, top row single light white light, side flow lights orange and yellow, light light orange, focus on strengthening light yellow: floor lights cause red over background, top row white light for emphasis, face light A soft orange stage and enhanced flow lights make the three-dimensional sense of space more prominent. (TEST1-20 comment text is from Panasonic Electric Works "STAGE&ENTERAINMENTLIGHTING". The common light position of the stage lighting should be configured for the professional stage lights. The first thing to know is the common light level of the stage lighting. This is an important part of the correct configuration. 1. Face light: The light that is directed to the stage from the top of the audience is mainly used for the front lighting of the characters and the basic light spreading of the whole. 2, slap: located on the outside of the mouth of the mouth, obliquely cast on the stage of the light, divided into upper and lower layers, the main auxiliary surface light, enhance the facial lighting, increase the three-dimensional sense of people and scenery. 3, column light (also known as side light): the light projected from the inside of the mouth of the mouth, mainly used for the illumination of the two sides of the character or the scene, adding a sense of three-dimensionality and contour. 4, top light: from the top of the stage to the stage of the light, from front to back is divided into a row of top light, two rows of top light, three rows of top light ... and so on, mainly used for stage lighting, enhance the stage illumination, and have The fixed-point illumination of many scenes and props is mainly solved by the top light. 5, backlight: the light projected from the opposite direction of the stage (such as top light, bridge light and other reverse illumination), can outline the contours of people and scenes, enhance the sense of three-dimensionality and transparency, can also be used as a specific light source 6, bridge light : The light that is thrown to the stage at the bridge on both sides of the stage is mainly used to assist the column light, enhance the three-dimensional sense, and also be used for the orientation of other light inconvenient projections, and can also be used as a specific light source. 7. Foot light: The light projected from the platen in front of the stage to the stage, mainly assists the surface illumination and eliminates the shadow formed by the face and the jaw of the person illuminated by the high position such as the face light. 8, heaven and earth light: from the sky above and below the sky to the sky, mainly used for the lighting and color changes of the sky. 9. Flowing light: It is located on the flow light stand on both sides of the stage, mainly assisting the bridge light, supplementing the light on the sides of the stage or other specific light. 10, chasing light: the light position required from the auditorium or other locations, mainly used to track the actors to perform or highlight a specific light, but also used for the host, is a close-up of the stage art, to the finishing touch effect. Bolted Cement Silo,Sectional Silo,Cement Transfer Silo Bolted Silo,Grain Dryer Co., Ltd. , http://www.nsgraindryer.com