Valve-type surge arresters may experience abnormal phenomena and faults during operation. It is essential for operating personnel to carefully analyze these issues and take timely measures to address any faults. If the weather is normal and the arrester's porcelain housing is cracked, it should be reported for scheduled power shutdown. If the arrester is out of service and a qualified replacement is not available, but the fault does not pose an immediate threat to system safety, the crack can be temporarily sealed with paint or epoxy resin to prevent moisture ingress. However, a proper replacement should still be carried out as soon as possible. In the event of a crack detected during a thunderstorm that causes flashover, the system grounding should not be disconnected if it is feasible to maintain it. If unusual sounds are heard inside the arrester or the casing shows signs of cracking leading to ground fault, operating staff should avoid approaching the area. The faulty arrester can then be disconnected using a switch or manual grounding. If the arrester suddenly explodes during operation without causing permanent system grounding, the faulty phase can be isolated and replaced after the storm. However, if the explosion results in permanent grounding, the knife switch must not be used to disconnect the arrester. If the surge arrester's indicator is burned black or shows signs of burning at the grounding lead connection, it may indicate internal defects such as valve resistance failure or degradation in spark gap performance. This could lead to increased power frequency current, so immediate electrical testing or disassembly inspection is recommended to ensure system reliability and safety. Regular maintenance and monitoring are crucial to prevent unexpected failures and ensure the arrester functions properly under all conditions.

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