There is at least one battery in each car, which usually has two functions: starting the engine; powering the electrical devices inside the car, such as electric windows, car radios, etc. After the car engine is started, the engine will convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy through the generator, and then charge the car battery to achieve this function.

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In order to meet the above two functions, the car's battery needs to provide a stable 12 volt DC power supply. Abnormal battery operation is the main cause of many automotive electrical faults, and engine-related problems may cause a series of safety hazards. The mainstream trend of automobile development is the increasing number of in-vehicle electronic devices and electronic applications. Hybrid and pure electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular. This directly leads to higher and higher power load of automobiles, increasing the pressure on batteries and requiring the operation of batteries. Real-time monitoring as much as possible to analyze possible causes of failure. Another market demand comes from climate change. The frequent occurrence of extreme weather has caused the failure rate of car batteries to continue to rise. In Europe at the end of 2012 and the United States at the end of 2013, the rate of battery failures caused by extreme weather has risen sharply.

As new mission-critical requirements (such as engine start-stop functionality) become more common, analyst firm Strategy Analytics reports that by 2020, more than 52 million vehicles worldwide are expected to support start-stop functionality. Start-stop requirements and other requirements, such as regenerative braking and intelligent alternator control, are driving sensors to more accurately sense battery status to provide early warning of failures. The Intelligent Battery Management System (BMS) continuously monitors battery performance, including battery state of charge, battery lifecycle status, and battery support for various applications. Monitoring battery performance reduces the risk of vehicle breakdown due to battery loss. This system is based on a smart battery sensor (IBS) that measures battery current, voltage and temperature directly. The measurement data is transferred to the battery monitoring calculation program (BatMon). BatMon calculates the battery status and informs the energy manager of the battery's energy, performance levels, and lifetime. This information can in turn be used to support the start-stop function. When it is detected that the battery is near a critical state, the driver is immediately prompted to replace the battery.

In order to better support traditional and emerging battery chemistries for automotive and industrial applications, Freescale Semiconductor's industry-leading AEC-Q100-compliant smart battery sensor for the general market is available. The sensor integrates four voltage detection channels, five temperature acquisition channels and one current acquisition channel, three analog-to-digital converters, one 16-bit MCU and CAN protocol modules in a single package. The MM9Z1J638 battery sensor measures a number of critical battery parameters to monitor battery health (SOH), charge state (SOC), and functional status (SOF) for early failure prediction. The flexible 4-channel voltage acquisition architecture supports traditional 12V lead-acid batteries and other emerging battery applications such as 14V stacked lithium batteries, high voltage junction boxes and 24V truck batteries.

Compared to other competitors' discrete solutions, the MM9Z1J638 battery sensor integrates a 16-bit S12Z microcontroller with 128K flash, 8K RAM and 4K EEPROM, and a CAN protocol module, LIN interface and 3 analog-to-digital conversions. The sensor circuit combines analog, processor and communication functions to help reduce bill of materials and employ more advanced battery monitoring algorithms. The analog front end includes two 16-bit ΣΔ analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for simultaneous measurement of battery voltage and current, and a third 16-bit ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for temperature monitoring in an integrated Sensor and redundant measurement plausibility checks to ensure functional safety. The new Freescale products' input battery voltage measurement capability supports direct voltage access to devices up to 52V and supports higher voltage battery configurations when used with external voltage divider circuits. Its periodic wake-up feature allows the device to operate in low power mode for extended periods of time, reducing system average power consumption. The MM9Z1J638 is fully compliant with the AEC-Q100 automotive standard and meets the stringent automotive ESD and EMC standards and achieves zero defect quality levels.

A four-cell lithium battery intelligent management unit solution with CAN/LIN interface developed by Freescale. Support functions include: 4 voltage input channels (up to 1.3 V up to 50 V) voltage detection; 4 external temperature detections and 1 Internal temperature sensing channel; up to +/-2000 A current sensing, external 100 μΩ shunt resistor; 4 cell passive equalization channels (based on MC33879); two low side and two high side switch controls (based on MC33879) ; Supply voltage range 3.5 V to 28 V; support CAN (physical layer MC33901), LIN, SPI, UART communication interface. The Freescale Technology Forum, which will be held in Shenzhen in May this year, will be on-site to demonstrate relevant solutions based on this product, and interested users can visit the booth at the site to observe.

Most Freescale analog products meet the critical needs of the industrial market, such as operating over a wider temperature range. The design and manufacture of these products are subject to rigorous process control and are tested using industry standard methods to meet the stringent low defect rate requirements of the automotive market. The MM9Z1J638 battery sensor is included in Freescale's long-term supply plan, with a minimum lead time of 10 or 15 years.

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